pwdPrint the current working directory
pwdTool
Linux Command Lookup
Find common Linux commands with usage notes, examples, and warnings for risky operations.
40 commands
lsList directory contents
ls -lahcdChange the working directory
cd /var/wwwmkdirCreate directories
mkdir -p app/logstouchCreate a file or update timestamps
touch notes.txtcpCopy files or directories
cp -r src backupmvMove or rename files
mv old.txt new.txtrmUse carefullyRemove files or directories; this cannot be undone
rm -r old-folderfindSearch for files by conditions
find . -name "*.log"duEstimate file and directory space usage
du -sh *dfShow filesystem disk space
df -hcatPrint or concatenate files
cat config.txtlessView long text page by page
less access.logheadShow the beginning of a file
head -n 20 data.csvtailShow the end of a file or follow logs
tail -f app.loggrepSearch text using patterns
grep -R "ERROR" logs/sortSort lines of text
sort -u names.txtwcCount lines, words, and bytes
wc -l access.logsedStream-edit and replace text
sed 's/foo/bar/g' file.txtawkProcess field-based text
awk '{print $1}' access.logchmodChange file permissions
chmod 755 deploy.shchownChange file owner and group
chown -R www-data:www-data apppsShow running processes
ps auxtopMonitor processes and system load
topkillUse carefullySend a signal to a process
kill -15 1234freeShow memory usage
free -hunameShow kernel and system information
uname -awhoamiPrint the current user name
whoamisystemctlManage systemd services
systemctl status nginxjournalctlRead systemd journal logs
journalctl -u nginx -n 100ipInspect and configure network interfaces and routes
ip addr showpingTest network reachability and latency
ping -c 4 example.comcurlSend network requests or download data
curl -I https://example.comwgetDownload files from the web
wget https://example.com/file.zipsshConnect securely to a remote host
scpCopy files over SSH
scp file.txt user@server:/tmp/tarCreate or extract archive files
tar -czf backup.tar.gz app/aptPackage manager for Debian and Ubuntu
sudo apt install nginxdnfPackage manager for Fedora and RHEL
sudo dnf install nginxpacmanPackage manager for Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S nginx